Iron-based superconducting substance

ABSTRACT

The invention has for its object for the provision of an iron-based superconducting substance capable of bringing about superconductivity without using any toxic elements. 
     The invention provides an iron-based superconducting substance characterized by comprising a composition wherein an FeTe alloy is doped with sulfur in such a way as to satisfy the following formula 1. 
       Fe(Te 1-x S x ) y  where 0&lt; x &lt;1, and 0.8&lt; y ≦1  Formula 1
 
     The inventive iron-based superconducting substance is also characterized by taking a tetragonal PbO structure with a space group P 4 /nmm.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an iron-based superconducting substance that comprises iron as a main ingredient and brings about superconductivity.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In the early 2008's, iron-based superconductors have been discovered by a team led by a Tokyo Institute of Technology professor Hosono. With this discovery as a turning point, superconductors comprising similar compounds have been found out one after another. Those iron-based superconductors are now expected to offer a deposit of new high-temperature superconductors, with their superconductivity considered to result from a two-dimensional structure formed by iron arsenic, iron phosphorus, iron selenium, etc. For this reason, most of iron-based superconductors found out so far in the art include elements of strong toxicity such as arsenic, phosphorus, and selenium. For possible applications of the iron-based superconductors, it is still desired to find out an unheard-of superconductor made up of elements of less toxicity.

Non-Patent Publication 1: ACTA CHEMICA SCANDINAVICA 8, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention

With such situations in mind, the present invention has for its object the provision of an iron-based superconducting substance that brings about superconductivity without using any toxic elements.

Means for Achieving the Object

According to the 1^(st) aspect of the invention, there is an iron-based superconducting substance provided, which is characterized by having a composition wherein an FeTe alloy is doped with sulfur (S) in such a way as to satisfy the following Formula 1.

Fe(Te_(1-x)S_(x))_(y) where 0<x<1, and 0.8<y≦1  Formula 1

According to the 2^(nd) aspect of the invention, the iron-based superconducting substance of the 1^(st) aspect is further characterized by taking a tetragonal PbO structure (having a space group P4/nmm).

Advantages of the Invention

Iron tellurium (FeTe) compounds are structurally similar to iron-based superconductors but do not exhibit superconductivity. The inventors have succeeded in doping them with a small amount of sulfur thereby bringing about superconductivity. The inventive iron tellurium-based superconductor FeTe_(1-x)S_(x) contains none of elements of high toxicity. For this reason, this superconductor is considered to provide a possible material that could facilitate research and development and be well compatible with many applications.

Even with compositions that may be described as FeTe_(y) and contain relatively too little or too much tellurium, stability is achievable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph indicative of temperature dependency of electrical resistivity of FeTe and Experiment Nos. 1 and 2.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged FIG. 1 graph at low temperature, indicating temperature dependency of electrical resistance of FeTe and Experiment Nos. 1 and 2.

FIG. 3 is illustrative of temperature dependency of magnetic susceptibility of FeTe and Experiment Nos. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is illustrative in schematic of a crystal structure.

FIG. 5 is a photograph taken of Experiment No. 2 used for the measurement of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In view of function measurement in the respective examples, the upper limit to x in Formula 1 should be less than 1, preferably 0.8 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less, and the lower limit should be greater than 0, preferably 0.01 or greater, and more preferably 0.02 or greater.

The small letter y should be 0.8<y≦1, and more preferably 0.9<y≦1.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Process 1

The starting materials Fe, Te and S were weighed in such a way as to have the ratios shown in Table 1: compositional ratios FeTe_(1-x)S_(x) where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 or Fe(Te_(1-x)S_(x))_(0.92) where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3), and mixed together without being ground. Then, the obtained mixture was sealed in vacuum in a quartz glass tube, and then fired to and at 800° C. (in 50° C. increments) for ½ day in an electrical furnace.

The starting materials Fe, Te and S used are given below.

Fe: Fe powders made by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. with 99.9% or greater purity and an average particle diameter of 150 μm, Te: Te powders made by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. with 99.9% purity and an average particle diameter of 150 μm, and S: S powders made by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. with 99.9% or greater purity.

TABLE 1 Composition Mixing Ratio (by weight) Experiment (estimated from the of the starting materials No. starting materials ratio) Fe Te S 1 FeTe_(0.9)S_(0.1) 55.85 114.84 3.206 2 FeTe_(0.8)S_(0.2) 55.85 102.08 6.412 3 FeTe_(0.7)S_(0.3) 55.85 89.32 9.0618 4 FeTe_(0.6)S_(0.4) 55.85 76.56 12.824 5 FeTe_(0.5)S_(0.5) 55.85 63.8 16.03 6 Fe(Te_(0.9)S_(0.1))_(0.92) 55.85 105.65 2.95 7 Fe(Te_(0.8)S_(0.2))_(0.92) 55.85 93.91 5.9 8 Fe(Te_(0.7)S_(0.3))_(0.92) 55.85 82.17 8.85 9 Fe(Te_(0.6)S_(0.4))_(0.92) 55.85 70.435 11.8 10 Fe(Te_(0.5)S_(0.5))_(0.92) 55.85 58.696 14.75

Synthesis Process 2

The starting materials Te and S were mixed together at 1:1, and the mixture was sealed in vacuum in a quartz glass tube, and fired to and at 400° C. (in 50° C. increments) for ½ day. The starting materials could be all allowed to react for synthesis of a TeS compound.

The TeS compound was obtained in a gray powder form.

The TeS compound was employed for the following synthesis for the purpose of obviating a problem with evaporation of S alone.

The obtained sample TeS, and Fe and Te were weighed in such a way as to have the ratios shown in Table 2: compositional ratios FeTe_(1-x)S_(x) where x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3), and then ground and mixed together in an agate mortar for about 10 minutes. Then, the mixture was sealed in vacuum in a quartz glass tube, and fired to and at 550 to 600° C. (in 50° C. increments) for ½ day. The obtained sample was ground and formed, and again sealed in vacuum in a quartz glass tube for firing to and at 600° C. (in 50° C. increments) for ½ day.

It is to be noted that the starting materials except the TeS compound were the same as in Synthesis Process 1.

TABLE 2 Composition Mixing Ratio (by weight) Experiment (estimated from the of the starting materials No. starting materials ratio) Fe TeS Te 11 FeTe_(0.9)S_(0.1) 55.85 15.966 102.08 12 FeTe_(0.8)S_(0.2) 55.85 31.93 76.56 13 FeTe_(0.7)S_(0.3) 55.85 47.9 51.04

Through X-ray structure analysis, the obtained sample was found to have a tetragonal PbO structure as a main ingredient.

All the samples synthesized by the above processes were found to exhibit superconductivity.

Typical results of experimentation are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Electrical resistivity was measured by the four-terminal method, and magnetization was measured with a SQUID magnetometer.

For the samples obtained by Synthesis Process 1, each one was provided with four terminals at sites whose surfaces were black to measure electrical resistivity.

The samples obtained by Synthesis Process 2 were all sintered bodies that were in the same state throughout; each pellet was broken and configured into a rectangular prism provided with four terminals.

APPLICABILITY TO THE INDUSTRY

The inventive iron-based superconducting substance, because of containing none of toxic elements, may have applications as superconducting linear motor cars, MRI medical diagnosis systems, superconducting energy storages, superconducting transformers, superconducting cables or the like. 

1. An iron-based superconducting substance comprising iron as a main ingredient and capable of bringing about superconductivity, characterized by comprising a composition in which an FeTe alloy is doped with sulfur in such a way as to satisfy the following formula 1: Fe(Te_(1-x)S_(x))_(y) where 0<x<1, and 0.8<y≦1  Formula 1
 2. An iron-based superconducting substance as recited in claim 1, characterized by taking a tetragonal PbO structure with a space group P4/mm. 